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Radiofrequency electromagnetic fields (UMTS, 1,950 MHz) induce ge…s in vitro in human fibroblasts but not in lymphocytes – Springer 11/2/15, 12:23 AM
http://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s00420-008-0305-5#page-1 Page 1 of 8
Original Article
International Archives of Occupational and Environmental Health
May 2008, Volume 81, Issue 6, pp 755-767
First online: 16 February 2008
Radiofrequency electromagnetic fields (UMTS,
1,950 MHz) induce genotoxic effects in vitro in human
fibroblasts but not in lymphocytes
Claudia Schwarz
, Elisabeth Kratochvil
, Alexander Pilger
, Niels Kuster
, Franz Adlkofer
, Hugo W. Rüdiger
Abstract
Objective
Universal Mobile Telecommunication System (UMTS) was recently introduced as the third generation mobile
communication standard in Europe. This was done without any information on biological effects and genotoxic properties
of these particular high-frequency electromagnetic fields. This is discomforting, because genotoxic effects of the second
generation standard Global System for Mobile Communication have been reported after exposure of human cells in vitro.
Methods
Human cultured fibroblasts of three different donors and three different short-term human lymphocyte cultures were
exposed to 1,950 MHz UMTS below the specific absorption rate (SAR) safety limit of 2 W/kg. The alkaline comet assay and
the micronucleus assay were used to ascertain dose and time-dependent genotoxic effects. Five hundred cells per slide
were visually evaluated in the comet assay and comet tail factor (CTF) was calculated. In the micronucleus assay 1,000
binucleated cells were evaluated per assay. The origin of the micronuclei was determined by fluorescence labeled
anticentromere antibodies. All evaluations were performed under blinded conditions.
Radiofrequency electromagnetic fields (UMTS, 1,950 MHz) induce ge…s in vitro in human fibroblasts but not in lymphocytes – Springer 11/2/15, 12:23 AM
http://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s00420-008-0305-5#page-1 Page 2 of 8
Tail Factor
Neutral Comet Assay
MHz GSM GSM Exposure
Nuclear Division Index
Human Skeletal Muscle Cell
Rat Granulosa Cell
Micronucleus Assay
SAR Level Genotoxic Effect
Micronucleus Test
Cell Phone Base Station
Human Melanocyte
Tail Factor Neutral Comet Assay ELF-EMF Exposure
Elf Exposure 50-Hz Magnetic Field
Tail Factor Original Tail
Mitochondrial Membrane Potential Emf Exposure
DNA Strand Break
Results
UMTS exposure increased the CTF and induced centromere-negative micronuclei (MN) in human cultured fibroblasts in a
dose and time-dependent way. Incubation for 24 h at a SAR of 0.05 W/kg generated a statistically significant rise in both
CTF and MN (P = 0.02). At a SAR of 0.1 W/kg the CTF was significantly increased after 8 h of incubation (P = 0.02), the
number of MN after 12 h (P = 0.02). No UMTS effect was obtained with lymphocytes, either unstimulated or stimulated
with Phytohemagglutinin.
Conclusion
UMTS exposure may cause genetic alterations in some but not in all human cells in vitro.
Keywords
Comet assay Micronucleus assay Genotoxic effect Radiofrequency electromagnetic fields
Concepts found in this
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Radiofrequency electromagnetic fields (UMTS, 1,950 MHz) induce ge…s in vitro in human fibroblasts but not in lymphocytes – Springer 11/2/15, 12:23 AM
http://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s00420-008-0305-5#page-1 Page 3 of 8
Tail Factor Comet Tail High-voltage Power Transmission
Exposed Group Datum Fabrication
Tail Factor TCDD TCDD Level High MN Level MN Level
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M» iVcrioenwu mcleourse DsuatgugmestiμoMns Hin2 OR2elationship Map
Page 1 of 37
and on the mitochondrial membrane potential in
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Archives of Occupational and Environmental Health (2004)
Answer to comments by A. Lerchl on “Radiofrequency
electromagnetic fields (UMTS, 1,950 MHz) induce
genotoxic effects in vitro in human fibroblasts but not
in lymphocytes” published by C. Schwarz et al. 2008
Rüdiger, Hugo W. in International Archives of Occupational
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About this Article
Title
Radiofrequency electromagnetic fields (UMTS, 1,950 MHz) induce genotoxic effects in vitro in human fibroblasts
but not in lymphocytes
Journal
International Archives of Occupational and Environmental Health
Volume 81, Issue 6 , pp 755-767
Cover Date
2008-05
DOI
10.1007/s00420-008-0305-5
Print ISSN
0340-0131
Online ISSN
1432-1246
Publisher
Springer-Verlag
Radiofrequency electromagnetic fields (UMTS, 1,950 MHz) induce ge…s in vitro in human fibroblasts but not in lymphocytes – Springer 11/2/15, 12:23 AM
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Topics
Rehabilitation
Environmental Health
Occupational Medicine/Industrial Medicine
Keywords
Comet assay
Micronucleus assay
Genotoxic effect
Radiofrequency electromagnetic fields
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Materials & Steel
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Chemical Manufacturing
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Authors
Claudia Schwarz (1)
Elisabeth Kratochvil (1)
Alexander Pilger (1)
Niels Kuster (3)
Franz Adlkofer (2)
Hugo W. Rüdiger (1)
Author Affiliations
Radiofrequency electromagnetic fields (UMTS, 1,950 MHz) induce ge…s in vitro in human fibroblasts but not in lymphocytes – Springer 11/2/15, 12:23 AM
http://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s00420-008-0305-5#page-1 Page 8 of 8
1. Division of Occupational Medicine, Medical University of Vienna, Waehringer Guertel 18-20, 1090, Vienna,
Austria
3. Foundation for Research on Information Technologies in Society, Swiss Federal Institute of Technology (ETH),
Zurich, Switzerland
2. Verum, Foundation for Behavior and Environment, Munich, Germany