The word Hormone is derived from Greek word horman, meaning “to set in motion”. Hormones
are chemicals produced by certain, specialized cells in your glands. The hormones then travel to
other cells, in order to regulate or manage processes there. Hormones are produced by
particular organs, but affect different organs. Hormones regulate all body systems, internally
and externally, physically and mentally. Their decline results in Aging or decay of the body and mind.
Xanya Sofra Weiss
Those people with the variant gene processed fat differently than those who don’t have it. They burned more fat, which may have hindered their ability to remove sugar from the blood stream and burn it. Diabetes is characterized by too much sugar in the blood. “This study adds to what was previously known about this gene variant by showing that after consuming a very rich milkshake, people with the variant gene process the fat from the drink differently than other people,” Weiss says. That is not to say that half of U.S. residents are destined to get diabetes, he adds. “While the variation of the gene appears to contribute to the diabetes risk, it does not cause diabetes by itself,” Weiss says. “Many other genes, some known and some unknown, are involved in a person’s overall risk of developing diabetes. Those are things a person can’t control. But there are risk factors for diabetes that a person can change - lifestyle factors, such as diet and exercise.”
Xanya Sofra Weiss
GA van Haasteren, E Sleddens-Linkels, H van Toor, W Klootwijk, FH de Jong, TJ Visser, and WJ de Greef ; 1997
We investigated the effects of diabetes mellitus on the hypothalamo-hypophysial-thyroid axis in male (R x U) F1 and R-Amsterdam rats, which were found to respond to streptozotocin (STZ)-induced diabetes mellitus with no or marked increases, respectively, in plasma corticosterone. Males received STZ (65 mg/kg i.v.) or vehicle, and were killed 1, 2 or 3 weeks later. At all times studied, STZ-induced diabetes mellitus resulted in reduced plasma TSH, thyroxine (T4) and 3,5,3′-tri-iodothyronine (T3). Since the dialyzable T4 fraction increased after STZ, probably as a result of decreased T4-binding prealbumin, plasma free T4 was not altered during diabetes. In contrast, both free T3 and its dialyzable fraction decreased during diabetes, which was associated with an increase in T4-binding globulin. Hepatic activity of type I deiodinase decreased and T4 UDP-glucuronyltransferase increased after STZ treatment. Thus, the lowered plasma T3 during diabetes may be due to decreased hepatic T4 to T3 conversion. Median eminence content of TRH increased after STZ, suggesting that hypothalamic TRH release is reduced during diabetes and that this is not caused by impaired synthesis or axonal transport of TRH to the median eminence. Hypothalamic proTRH mRNA did not change in diabetic (R x U) F1 rats during the period of observation, but was lower in R-Amsterdam rats 3 weeks after STZ. Similarly, pituitary TSH and TSH beta mRNA had decreased in R-Amsterdam rats by 1 week after STZ treatment, but did not change in (R x U) F1 rats. The difference between the responses in diabetic R-Amsterdam and (R x U) F1 rats may be explained on the basis of plasma corticosterone levels which increased in R-Amsterdam rats only. Hypothalamic TRH content was not affected by diabetes mellitus, but the hypothalami of diabetic rats released less TRH in vitro than those of control rats. Moreover, insulin had a positive effect on TRH release in vitro. In conclusion, the reduced hypothalamic TRH release during diabetes is probably not caused by decreases in TRH synthesis or transport to the median eminence, but seems to be due to impaired TRH release from the median eminence which may be related to the lack of insulin. Inhibition of proTRH and TSH beta gene expression in diabetic R-Amsterdam rats is not a primary event but appears to be secondary to enhanced adrenal activity in these animals during diabetes. ( Journal of Endocrinology, Vol 153, Issue 2, 259-267 )
Xanya Sofra Weiss
Ronald M Evans,Grant D Barish & Yong-Xu Wang ; 2004
Obesity and the related disorders of dyslipidemia and diabetes (components of syndrome X) have become lobal health epidemics. Over the past decade, the elucidation of key regulators of energy balance and insulin signaling have revolutionized our understanding of fat and sugar metabolism and their intimate link. The three ‘lipid-sensing’ peroxisome proliferator–activated receptors (PPAR-α, PPAR-γand PPAR-δ) exemplify this connection, regulating diverse aspects of lipid and glucose homeostasis, and serving as bona fide therapeutic targets. With molecular underpinnings now in place, new pharmacologic approaches to metabolic disease and new questions are emerging.
Xanya Sofra Weiss
M. Noshiro, S. Nebuya, A. Fujimaki, R. Smallwood, B. H. Brown ; 2007
The electrical conductivity and phase shift of normal and coagulated blood sampled from 10 pigs were measured using an LCR meter, Agilent 4285A. The hematocrit of normal blood was also measured. The conductivity difference between normal and coagulated blood remained at 4.3 mS/cm up to 800 kHz, and then gradually decreased. The conductivity difference was not correlated with the hematocrit (correlation coefficient = 0.04). The phase difference between normal and coagulated blood reached the maximum, -13.5 degree, between 1 and 2 MHz. Therefore, it is possible to discriminate thrombi from air emboli using the phase difference at the frequency range of 1 to 2 MHz.
Xanya Sofra Weiss